The Million Quasars (MILLIQUAS) catalogue version 3.3 (2013) Eric Flesch, 7 April 2013 ================================================================================ This is a compendium of all type I QSOs, AGN, and Bl Lacs in the literature, up to 6 April 2013; completeness is full or near. High-confidence (70%+) photometric SDSS and radio/X-ray associated candidates are included, which bring the total objects to 1,246,268. Objects have been de-duplicated across catalogs, and the earliest name and best redshift is presented for each. Astrometry is fixed onto a combined APM/USNO-B/SDSS optical background, and is accurate to within 1-2 arcsec in every case. Astrometric corrections from my paper 2013,PASA,30,4 are included. Note: close objects within 1.5 arcsec and lensed imaged are listed as single objects. Changes from version 3.2 are: (1) Quasar data brought up to publications as at 6 April 2013. (2) Individual quasar data from 2013,A&A,551,A29 "Quasar Luminosity Function from dedicated SDSS-III and MMT data" by N. Palanque-Delabrouille et al, have been kindly provided by the lead author. This adds 713 new quasars. (3) SWIRE data is now included, consisting of 117 confirmed quasars and >20K photometric quasars from Rowan-Robinson M. et al, 2013,MNRAS,428,1958. (4) My paper 2013-PASA-30-4 marked 9 QSOs as uncertainly located. Of those: (a) I now find Q 0112-27 at J011446.4-271408, via 1RXS J011446.4-271419. (b) XSF3:29 is found at J034116.3-435748, via 2RXP J034116.6-435754. (c) RXS J11167-1711 found at J111645.6-171155, via 1RXS J111644.6-171135. (d) 1H 0828-706 is removed as there are no credible candidates. (5) 26 SDSS-DR9 quasars removed as inspection shows they are only artifacts. (6) Iovino et al, 1996 A&AS,119,265 presented 1581 quasar spectra of which 144 were marked by them as questionable ('?'). Those 144 are often anomalously bright and none show radio/X-ray associations. Those 144 are now removed. (7) Eight blazars without redshift have been dropped as those optical objects have been classed as white dwarfs by the SDSS DR7 WD Cat, 2013,ApJS,204,5. (8) Miscellaneous: 4 moves, 2 de-dups, and 4 deletions found after extensive trawling. This catalog is looking very clean now. The catalog format is simple, each object is shown as one line bearing the J2000 coordinates, its name, red and blue optical magnitudes, PSF class, redshift, and the source catalog for its name and redshift, plus a radio and/or X-ray identifier where applicable. Current plans are to keep this updated as a "living" QSO catalogue, and think about formal publication later. Questions/comments/praise/complaints may be directed to eric@flesch.org. File Summary: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FileName Lrecl Records Explanations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- milliquas.txt 124 1246268 The catalogue Milliquas-ReadMe.txt 80 . This file -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Byte-by-byte Description of the Milliquas (million-quasar) file: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bytes Format Units Label Explanations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1- 2 I2 h RAh Right Ascension J2000 (hours) 3- 4 I2 min RAm Right Ascension J2000 (minutes) 5- 8 F4.1 s RAs Right Ascension J2000 (seconds) 9 A1 --- DE- Declination J2000 (sign) 10- 11 I2 deg DEd Declination J2000 (degrees) 12- 13 I2 arcmin DEm Declination J2000 (minutes) 14- 15 I2 arcsec DEs Declination J2000 (seconds) 18- 41 A24 --- name ID from the literature (0) 43- 45 A3 --- Descrip Classification of object (1) 47- 50 F4.1 mag Rmag Red optical magnitude (2) 52- 55 F4.1 mag Bmag Blue optical magnitude (2) 57- 59 A3 --- comment Comment on optical object (3) 60 A1 --- R Red optical PSF class (4) 62 A1 --- B Blue optical PSF class (4) 64- 69 F6.3 z z Redshift from the literature. (5) 71- 72 A2 --- cat Source catalog for name (6) 74- 75 A2 --- zcat Source catalog for redshift (6) 77- 79 I3 pct Qpct probability that this object is a QSO (7) 81-101 A21 --- Rname Radio ID, if any. (8) 103-123 A21 --- Xname X-ray ID or radio lobe, if any. (8) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Note (0): "BOSS" prefix indicates an XDQSO BOSS target (XDQSO good=0). "XDQ" prefix is an XDQSO non-BOSS object (XDQSO good=1,2). The name is left blank if the object is a radio/X-ray associated object only. If needing a designation for it, use the catalog (col 71-72) and astrometry (col 1-15) to make an IAU name: catalog QO=QORG, AX=ARXA, MQ=MQ. example: 000001.6-251707 & AX --> ARXA J000001.6-251707 Note (1): Legend: Q = QSO from the literature, broad-line unresolved. 234,554 of these. A = AGN, QSO-like but disk resolved on survey plates. 21,391 of these. B = Bl Lac object, 1763 of these. q = photometric quasars, mostly from SDSS or SWIRE. 912,702 of these. R = Radio association displayed. X = X-ray association displayed. 2 = Double radio lobe declaration. (by data-driven algorithm) Note (2): Optical data is from the APM (www.ast.cam.ac.uk/~apmcat), USNO-A & USNO-B (www.nofs.navy.mil), and the SDSS (sdss3.org). APM/USNO-A magnitudes have been recalibrated from the original values as documented in QORG, so such USNO-A magnitudes are often used in preference to USNO-B. APM galaxies < mag 17.0 are often shown too bright due to PSF modelling. Note: many SDSS magnitudes are extinction-corrected ~0.3 mag brighter. Note (3): Legend: p = optical magnitudes are POSS-I O (violet 4100A) and E (red 6500A). These are preferred because O is well-offset from E, and these plates were always taken on the same night, thus the red-blue color is correct even for variable objects. j = blue magnitude is SERC J (Bj 4800A blue-green) from the POSS-II or UKST surveys. Red-blue color can be suspect because the plates were taken in different epochs, i.e. years apart. g = blue magnitude is SDSS green 4900A. u = blue magnitude is SDSS ultraviolet 3850A. b = blue magnitude is Vega 4400A. i = red magnitude is infrared. v = red magnitude is visual, ie, white. z = red magnitude is far-infrared z. (not i/v/z) = standard red color 6500A. + = variability nominally detected for both red & blue m = proper motion nominally detected. ? = astrometry/photometry is estimated. Note (4): The APM, USNO-B, and SDSS provide PSF class, albeit using different criteria. These are shown here as: - = point source / stellar PSF (APM notation: -1, here truncated) 1 = fuzzy / galaxy shape (APM notation: 1 and some 2) n = no PSF available, whether borderline or too faint to tell, etc. x = not seen in this color (fainter than plate depth, or confused, etc.) Note (5): Photometric most-likely redshifts are rounded here to 0.1 z. Photometric redshifts provided by this catalog are discussed in Appendix A. Note (6): Legend (with counts of name and redshift) and references: 2d (62,79): 2dF GRS, Colless M. et al, 2001,MNRAS,328,1039 2L (309,96): 2LAC, Ackermann M. et al, 2011,ApJ,743,171 2M (120,124): Southern 2MASS AGN using 6dF, Masci F. et al,2010,PASA,27,302 2Q (22834,19482): 2QZ, Croom S.M. et al, 2004,MNRAS,349,1397 2S (7974,6931): 2SLAQ, Croom S.M. et al, 2009,MNRAS,392,19 6d (20,59): 6dF Galaxy Survey, Jones D.H. et al, 2009,MNRAS,399,683 6Q (265,264): 6QZ, same attribution as 2QZ AE (16,16): AEGIS, Yan R. et al, 2011,ApJ,728,38 AT (68,69): ATLAS, Mao M. et al, 2012,MNRAS,426,3334 AX (15143,0): Atlas of Radio/X-ray Associations, Flesch E.,2010,PASA,27,283 BF (28,19): BFOSC bright QSOs, Wu X.-B. et al, 2012,arXiv:1207.0204 Bu (4,4): Burbidge E.M., October 2003, Keck-I LRIS, unpublished. BZ (103,188): BZCAT v4.1.1, Massaro E. et al, 2012, www.asdc.asi.it/bzcat CB (2,2): Chandra binaries, Green P. et al, 2011,ApJ,743,81 CF (9,9): CFHIZQ, Willott C. et al, 2010,AJ,139,906 Ch (98,98): ChaMP AGN, Trichas M. & Green P. et al, 2012,ApJS,200,17 CL (7,47): CLASS Bl Lacs, March M.J.M. & Caccianiga A.,2013,arXiv:1301.6550 CO (23,22): COSMOS hi-z, Masters D. et al, 2012,ApJ,755,169 CQ (23,17): Red QSOs, Fynbo J. et al, 2013,ApJS,204,6 CW (7,0): Case low-dispersion survey, Pesch P. et al, 1985-1995 misc publ. DE (1436,1432): DEEP2 Redshifts DR4, deep.berkeley.edu/DR4/home.html DP (2,135): Double-Peaked NELGs, Ge J.-G. et al, 2012,ApJS,201,31 EC (7,7): E-CDFS radio, Bonzini M. et al, 2012,ApJS,203,15 F2 (22,21): FIRST-2MASS red quasars, Glikman E. et al, 2012,ApJ,757,51 GA (1,1): Giant Arcs sextuple, Dahle H. et al, 2012,arXiv:1211.1091 GR (7,23): Gamma-ray Bl Lacs, Shaw M.S. et al, 2013,ApJ 764,135 GS (14,15): GOODS-SOUTH,Villforth/Sarajedini/Koekemoer,2012,MNRAS,426,360 HA (7,0): Halton Arp, misc. publications HB (42,30): Hewitt A., Burbidge G., 1989,ApJS,69,1 HC (8,8): HST-COS, Rao S. et al, 2013,arXiv:1302.7026 HR (56,56): High Redshift Stripe 82,McGreer I.D. et al,2012,arXiv:1212.4493 HS (3,3): Herschel-SPIRE, Casey C.M. et al, 2012,ApJ,761,139 IB (11,11): INTEGRAL/IBIS AGN, Malizia A. et al, 2012,MNRAS,426,1750 IZ (1,1): Polsterer K., Zinn P.-C. & Gieseke F., 2013,MNRAS,428,226 KA (3,3): Kepler quasars, Mushotzky R. et al, 2011,ApJ,743,12 KB (12,12): Kepler blue H excess, Scaringi S. et al, 2013,MNRAS,428,2207 KE (5,2): KEYFIELD, Anderson M. & Filipovic M., 2009,SerAJ,179,7 KH (14,14): Harris K.A., thesis, 2012,PhDT,15 (arXiv:1201.5746) KX (273,234): KX quasars, Maddox N. et al, 2012,MNRAS,424,2876 LA (8,8): LAMOST, Wu X.-B. et al, 2010,RAA,10,745 LC (7,7): Lopez-Corredoira M. et al, 2008,A&A,480,61 LM (144,144): LMC Magellanic, Kozlowski S. et al, 2012,ApJ,746,27 LO (11,11): LOCUSS, Haines, C.P. et al, 2012,ApJ,754,97 MA (61,63): MASIV, Pursimo T. et al, 2013,arXiv:1302.3409 MB (713,718): MMT-BOSS, Palanque-Delabrouille N. et al, 2013,A&A,551,A29 MM (174,174): MMT-BOSS pilot, Ross N.P. et al, 2012,ApJS,199,3 MQ (37773,351059): MILLIQUAS, original data in this catalog. Flesch E.,2012 NB (525492,524841): NBCKDE, Richards G.T. et al, 2009,ApJS,180,67 NE (1051,375): NASA/IPAC Extragalactic DB, http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu PD (394,0): Palanque-Delabrouille N. et al, 2011,A&A,530,122 PG (3980,5): Principal Galaxy Catalogue, Paturel G. et al, 2003,A&A,412,45 PS (1,1): Pan-Starrs hi-z, Morganson E. et al, 2012,AJ,143,142 QO (22939,0): QORG, Flesch E. and Hardcastle M., 2004,A&A,427,387 QQ (2,2): QQQ Triplet, Farina E.P. et al, 2013,arXiv:1302.0849 S1 (2919,4725): SDSS Data Release 1 to 3 AGN (combined files) S4 ( 788,1438): SDSS Data Release 4 increment AGN S5 ( 786,1449): SDSS Data Release 5 increment AGN S6 ( 983,1645): SDSS Data Release 6 increment AGN S7 (2121,3141): SDSS Data Release 7 increment (incl special & extra) AGN S8 (5185,3162): SDSS DR8, Aihara H. et al, 2011,ApJS,193,29 S9 (79877,5511): SDSS DR9 AGN, Ahn C.P. et al, http://sdss3.org/dr9 SL (33,32): SDSS Lens Search, Inada N. et al, 2012,AJ,143,119 SM (29,29): SMC Magellanic, Kozlowski S.,Kochanek,Udalski, 2011,ApJS,194,22 SN (2898,88698): SDSS Quasar DR9, Paris I. et al, 2012,A&A,548,66 SP (156,154): SDSS Quasar DR5, Schneider D. et al, 2007,AJ,134,102 SQ (100407,97915): SDSS Quasar DR7, Schneider D. et al, 2010,AJ,139,2360 SR (24,21): SDSS Radio, McGreer I., Helfand D., White R., 2009,AJ,138,1925 SW (24383,24391): SWIRE, Rowan-Robinson M. et al, 2013,MNRAS,428,1958 SX (13,14): Subaru-XMM Deep, Hiroi K. et al, 2012,ApJ,758,49 UL (1,1): ULAS hi-z, Mortlock D. et al, 2011,Nature,474,616 UR (6,6): UKIDSS red QSOs, Banerji M. et al., 2012,MNRAS,427,2275 UV (2,2): UVEX survey, Verbeek K. et al, 2012,MNRAS,426,1235 VE (20564,17719): Veron 13th ed, Veron-Cetty M. & Veron P., 2010,A&A,518,10 VH (2,2): VISTA-WISE Hyperluminous, Banerji M. et al, 2013,MNRAS,429,55 VL (168,99): VLT-LBG, Crighton N. et al, 2011,MNRAS,414,28 W2 (259,16): WISE-2MASS-RASS, Edelson R. & Malkan M., 2012,ApJ,751,52 WD (3,0): redshift, but claimed by SDSS DR7 White Dwarf cat,2013,ApJS,204,5 WE (41,0): Weedman D., 1985,ApJS,57,523 WI (3,3): WISE-selected, Stern D. et al, 2012,ApJ,753,30 WR (5,5): Wolf-Rayet QSOs, Neugent K. & Massey P., 2011,ApJ,733,123 and Neugent K., Massey P., Georgy C., 2012,ApJ,759,11 XB (131,133): XBSS, Caccianiga A. et al, 2008,A&A,477,735 XC (2,2): XMM Cluster survey, Hilton M. et al, 2010,ApJ,718,133 XD (362277,1): SDSS-XDQSO, Bovy J. et al, 2011,ApJ,729,141 XL (223,194): XMM-LSS sources, Stalin C.S. et al, 2010,MNRAS,401,294 XM (157,160): XMSS, Barcons X. et al, 2007,A&A,476,1191 YF (6,4): YFOSC hi-z, Wu X.-B. et al, 2012,RAA,12,1185 Zw (5,5): the Updated Zwicky Catalog, Falco E.E. et al, 1999,PASP,111,438 Note (7): The nominal percent chance that this object is a QSO, based on either photometric or radio/X-ray association analysis. Note that this object may be a catalogued QSO in which case this "nominal" figure is superseded. 988,560 objects without spectroscopic confirmation are included where of >=70% probability. Two families of calculated objects are included: (1) Photometric quasars, mostly from the SDSS-based NBCKDE/XDQSO catalogs, totalling 912702 of which ~35000 also show radio/X-ray association. The displayed probability of NBCKDE/XDQSO objects is not from their catalogs which provide data ratios only; instead, the displayed absolute probability is calculated as described in Appendix A below. Photometric quasars from SWIRE, PD Stripe 82 and WISE-2MASS-RASS have been set to 80% likelihood. (2) Radio/X-ray associated objects, totalling 75858 without any other attribution. The displayed probability is calculated as described in the ARXA/QORG papers. Approx 35000 photometric quasars are also radio/X-ray associated, and the displayed probability figure combines the photometric QSO probability P1 and the radio/X-ray derived QSO probability P2 as P = 1/(1+((1-P1)*(1-P2))/(P1*P2)). Using the probability as expected yield, these 1,246,268 objects will yield 1,124,187 actual quasars, making MILLIQUAS a true million-quasar catalog. Note (8): Legend of Radio/X-ray detections and catalog home pages: ROSAT catalogs home page: www.mpe.mpg.de/xray/wave/rosat/catalogue -- 1RXH: ROSAT HRI (high resolution imager) -- 1RXS: ROSAT RASS (all-sky survey, both bright & faint) -- 2RXP/2RXF: ROSAT PSPC (position sensitive proportional counter) 1WGA: White, Giommi & Angelini, wgacat.gsfc.nasa.gov/wgacat/wgacat.html 2XMM/2XMMi: XMM-Newton, xmmssc-www.star.le.ac.uk CXO: Chandra Source Catalog, cxc.cfa.harvard.edu/csc CXOMP: Champ2 catalog, Kim M. et al, 2007, ApJS, 169, 401 CXOX: XAssist Chandra source list, xassist.pha.jhu.edu/zope/xassist FIRST: VLA FIRST survey, sundog.stsci.edu MGPS: Molonglo galactic plane survey, same attribution as SUMSS NVSS: NRAO VLA sky survey, www.cv.nrao.edu/nvss SUMSS: Sydney U. Molonglo, www.physics.usyd.edu.au/sifa/Main/SUMSS XMMSL: XMM-Newton Slew survey, www.star.le.ac.uk/~amr30/Slew XMMX: XAssist XMM-Newton source list, xassist.pha.jhu.edu/zope/xassist Appendix A: The inclusion of SDSS photometric QSO candidates into MILLIQUAS The two major releases of SDSS photometric QSO candidates are the NBCKDE catalog (Richards G.T. et al, 2009,ApJS,180,67) taken over the DR6 footprint, and the XDQSO catalog (Bovy J. et al, 2011,ApJ,729,141) over the DR8 footprint, which provides targets for the SDSS BOSS survey, plus a set of fainter objects. For shared objects, the NBCKDE object is displayed due to its earlier publication. This MILLIQUAS catalog adds pQSO and redshift calculations to these: (1) pQSO, the probability that the candidate is a true QSO. NBCKDE compares QSO & star density profiles per object to obtain a nominal pQSO. XDQSO is annotated with a nominal pQSO which their paper cautions is just a comparative figure and not a genuine QSO likelihood (see esp. their figure 14). In this "Million Quasars" catalog, the requirement is to display genuine odds for each candidate that it is indeed a quasar. I have accordingly analyzed the photometric candidates using techniques similar to the QORG (Flesch & Hardcastle 2004,A&A,427,387) processing. This uses a 4-color binned training set "flooded" with 10,000,000 anonymized XDQSO stars to calculate pQSOs. I have used these to adjust the NBCKDE & XDQSO nominal pQSOs into the "genuine" pQSOs reported here. The SDSS-DR9 presents 31007 typed objects which were previously listed as BOSS photometric quasars in Milliquas v2.9. Comparing the QSO-pcts reported there with those DR9 BOSS results yields: QSO-pct are total hit bin by 5 QSOs objs pct -------- ----- ----- ---- 70-72 2123 2427 87.5 75 3355 3801 88.3 80 5789 6311 91.7 85 5634 6089 92.5 90 5327 5721 93.1 95 4709 4968 94.8 98-100 1678 1690 99.3 ------- ----- ----- ---- total 28615 31007 92.3 Thus the QSO yield is higher than this catalog's QSO-pcts, and true pQSO is underreported by about half. It seems I should have used a 5M "flood" instead of 10M. However, the resultant over-performing QSO-pcts enables confident use of the candidates presented in this catalog. (2) photometric redshifts. NBCKDE provides photometric "most likely" redshifts as the weighted average of a bounded range for each candidate. SWIRE also provides photometric redshifts via a multi-wavelength algorithm. XDQSO has not published redshifts, so I have calculated these using a training set of 199751 quasars from SDSS-DR9, binning the 4 colors by 0.1z, then using rainflow analysis to cluster the redshift bins for each XDQSO candidate. The outcome is similar to NBCKDE redshifts, and a comparison of 34035 NBCKDE & Milliquas & SDSS-DR9 QSO redshifts are listed at http://quasars.org/docs/NBCKDE-MQ-redshifts.txt , which treats each photometric redshift as a "hit" if within 0.5z of the true spectral redshift. There it is seen that the NBCKDE hit rate is 25093/34035 = 73.7%, and the Milliquas hit rate is 25599/34035 = 75.2%. No doubt the NBCKDE method is better than my own simple algorithm, but I had the advantage of the very large SDSS-DR9 training set. This good performance validates the inclusion of these redshifts. (end of Appendix A) If using this catalogue in published research, please add an acknowledgement. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory,California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This research has made use of data obtained from the Chandra Source Catalog, provided by the Chandra X-ray Center (CXC) as part of the Chandra Data Archive. Funding for SDSS-III has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Science Foundation, and the U.S. Department of Energy. The SDSS-III web site is http://www.sdss3.org/.